Republican banner for Scotland

 A new republican tricolour flag has been designed to represent a new republican identity in a new Scotland. The three colours are each highly symbolic championing secularism, democracy. The tricolour design connects Scotland with the the UK’s ‘next door neighbours’, Ireland and France who both fly tricolours. Lesser-known republican tricolour flags are also used in Wales and England. The three vertical stripes stand for a society which values liberty, equality and solidarity. This is a secular and republican flag and points to a future Scotland founded on the sovereignty of the people; at present we live under the sovereignty of the crown and its anti-democratic powers which lie in parliament, including the devolved parliament.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Republican banner for England

A new republican flag has been designed to represent a new republican identity in a new England. The colours identify with the most important popular struggles that have shaped England’s parliamentary democracy. The tricolour design connects England with the the UK’s ‘next door neighbours’, Ireland and France who both fly tricolours. Lesser-known republican tricolour flags are also used in Wales and Scotland. The three vertical stripes stand for a society which values liberty, equality and solidarity. This is a secular and republican flag and points to a future England founded on the sovereignty of the people; at present we live under the sovereignty of the crown and its anti-democratic powers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PL 2: The Diversity of Polish Politics, c. 1890 – 1925

 

The previous article on Polish independence was a hagiography which deliberately missed out a lot of detail. Those omissions – Józef Piłsudski’s flaws, and the Polish independence and socialist movements beyond him – will be explored in this present article.